1. Family: Nilo-Saharan
  2. Subfamily: Central Sudanic
  3. Genus: Moru-Ma'di

Lugbara

WALS coordinates: 3° 5′ N, 30° 55′ E

spoken in Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Logbara
Routledge:
Other:
  • High Lugbara,
  • Logbara,
  • Lugbara, Western
ISO 639-3:

Features

ID Feature Value Area References  
1A Consonant Inventories Moderately large Phonology
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2A Vowel Quality Inventories Large (7-14) Phonology
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3A Consonant-Vowel Ratio Average Phonology
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4A Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In both plosives and fricatives Phonology
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5A Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems None missing in /p t k b d g/ Phonology
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6A Uvular Consonants None Phonology
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7A Glottalized Consonants Implosives and glottalized resonants Phonology
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8A Lateral Consonants Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent laterals Phonology
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11A Front Rounded Vowels None Phonology
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12A Syllable Structure Moderately complex Phonology
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13A Tone Complex tone system Phonology
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18A Absence of Common Consonants All present Phonology
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19A Presence of Uncommon Consonants Labial-velars Phonology
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20A Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives Ablaut/concatenative Morphology
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21A Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives Case + TAM Morphology
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examples
21B Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection monoexponential TAM Morphology
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23A Locus of Marking in the Clause No marking Morphology
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24A Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases Dependent marking Morphology
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25A Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology Inconsistent or other Morphology
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25B Zero Marking of A and P Arguments Non-zero marking Morphology
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26A Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Weakly prefixing Morphology
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33A Coding of Nominal Plurality Plural suffix Nominal Categories
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34A Occurrence of Nominal Plurality All nouns, optional in inanimates Nominal Categories
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36A The Associative Plural Associative same as additive plural Nominal Categories
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examples
37A Definite Articles No definite or indefinite article Nominal Categories
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38A Indefinite Articles No definite or indefinite article Nominal Categories
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46A Indefinite Pronouns Generic-noun-based Nominal Categories
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51A Position of Case Affixes No case affixes or adpositional clitics Nominal Categories
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52A Comitatives and Instrumentals Differentiation Nominal Categories
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examples
55A Numeral Classifiers Absent Nominal Categories
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58A Obligatory Possessive Inflection Absent Nominal Syntax
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58B Number of Possessive Nouns None reported Nominal Syntax
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59A Possessive Classification Two classes Nominal Syntax
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64A Nominal and Verbal Conjunction Differentiation Nominal Syntax
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69A Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes Tense-aspect prefixes Verbal Categories
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70A The Morphological Imperative Second person number-neutral Verbal Categories
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71A The Prohibitive Normal imperative + normal negative Verbal Categories
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72A Imperative-Hortative Systems Maximal system Verbal Categories
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81A Order of Subject, Object and Verb No dominant order Word Order
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81B Languages with two Dominant Orders of Subject, Object, and Verb SOV or SVO Word Order
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82A Order of Subject and Verb SV Word Order
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83A Order of Object and Verb No dominant order Word Order
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84A Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb No dominant order Word Order
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85A Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Postpositions Word Order
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86A Order of Genitive and Noun Genitive-Noun Word Order
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87A Order of Adjective and Noun Noun-Adjective Word Order
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88A Order of Demonstrative and Noun Noun-Demonstrative Word Order
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89A Order of Numeral and Noun Noun-Numeral Word Order
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90A Order of Relative Clause and Noun Noun-Relative clause Word Order
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90C Postnominal relative clauses Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant Word Order
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91A Order of Degree Word and Adjective Adjective-Degree word Word Order
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92A Position of Polar Question Particles Final Word Order
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93A Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Not initial interrogative phrase Word Order
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94A Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Mixed Word Order
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95A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Other Word Order
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96A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun Other Word Order
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97A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun Other Word Order
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112A Negative Morphemes Negative word, unclear if verb or particle Simple Clauses
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113A Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Both Simple Clauses
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114A Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation A/Cat Simple Clauses
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116A Polar Questions Question particle Simple Clauses
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136A M-T Pronouns No M-T pronouns Lexicon
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136B M in First Person Singular m in first person singular Lexicon
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137A N-M Pronouns No N-M pronouns Lexicon
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137B M in Second Person Singular m in second person singular Lexicon
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143A Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb VNeg Word Order
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143E Preverbal Negative Morphemes None Word Order
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143F Postverbal Negative Morphemes VNeg Word Order
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143G Minor morphological means of signaling negation None Word Order
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144A Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb More than one position Word Order
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144B Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb End, not immed postverbal Word Order
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144C Languages with different word order in negative clauses SVO/SOV, but SVONeg Word Order
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144D The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages SVO/SOV but SVONeg Word Order
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144H NegSVO Order No NegSVO Word Order
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144I SNegVO Order No SNegVO Word Order
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144J SVNegO Order No SVNegO Word Order
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144K SVONeg Order NoDoubleNeg Word Order
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