| Phonology |
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Consonant Inventories
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Moderately small |
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Vowel Quality Inventories
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Small (2-4) |
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Consonant-Vowel Ratio
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Average |
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Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
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No voicing constrast |
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Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
Other |
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Uvular Consonants
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None |
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Glottalized Consonants
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No glottalized consonants |
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Lateral Consonants
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/l/, no obstruent laterals |
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Front Rounded Vowels
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None |
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Tone
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No tones |
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Absence of Common Consonants
|
All present |
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Presence of Uncommon Consonants
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None |
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| Nominal Categories |
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Number of Genders
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Two |
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Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
|
Non-sex-based |
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Systems of Gender Assignment
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Semantic |
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Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
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All nouns, always obligatory |
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Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
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Person-number affixes |
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Definite Articles
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Demonstrative word used as definite article |
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Indefinite Articles
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No indefinite, but definite article |
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Indefinite Pronouns
|
Special |
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| Nominal Syntax |
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Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
|
Identity |
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| Verbal Categories |
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Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
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No grammatical evidentials |
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Coding of Evidentiality
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No grammatical evidentials |
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| Word Order |
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Order of Subject, Object and Verb
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No dominant order |
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Order of Subject and Verb
|
VS |
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Order of Object and Verb
|
VO |
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Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
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No dominant order |
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Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
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No adpositions |
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Order of Demonstrative and Noun
|
Demonstrative-Noun |
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Order of Numeral and Noun
|
Numeral-Noun |
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Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
Noun-Relative clause |
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Order of Degree Word and Adjective
|
Degree word-Adjective |
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Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
|
Initial interrogative phrase |
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Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|
Initial subordinator word |
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Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
VO and NRel |
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| Simple Clauses |
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Expression of Pronominal Subjects
|
Subject clitics on variable host |
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Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
|
Secondary-object construction |
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Antipassive Constructions
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Oblique patient |
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Applicative Constructions
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Benefactive object; both bases |
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Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
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Morphological but no compound |
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Negative Morphemes
|
Negative particle |
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Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
|
Predicate negation also present |
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| Complex Sentences |
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'Want' Complement Subjects
|
Desiderative verbal affix |
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| Lexicon |
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Hand and Arm
|
Different |
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Finger and Hand
|
Different |
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