| Phonology |
|---|
|
Consonant Inventories
|
Average |
|
|
Vowel Quality Inventories
|
Large (7-14) |
|
|
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
|
Average |
|
|
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
|
In both plosives and fricatives |
|
|
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
None missing in /p t k b d g/ |
|
|
Uvular Consonants
|
None |
|
|
Glottalized Consonants
|
No glottalized consonants |
|
|
Lateral Consonants
|
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
|
|
Front Rounded Vowels
|
None |
|
|
Tone
|
No tones |
|
|
Fixed Stress Locations
|
No fixed stress |
|
|
Weight-Sensitive Stress
|
Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate |
|
|
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
|
Lexical stress |
|
|
Absence of Common Consonants
|
All present |
|
|
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
|
None |
|
| Morphology |
|---|
|
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
|
Strongly suffixing |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Coding of Nominal Plurality
|
Plural suffix |
|
|
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
|
All nouns, always obligatory |
|
|
Definite Articles
|
Definite affix |
|
|
Indefinite Articles
|
Indefinite word same as 'one' |
|
|
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
|
Multiple politeness distinctions |
|
|
Indefinite Pronouns
|
Interrogative-based |
|
|
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
|
Differentiated |
|
|
Number of Cases
|
2 cases |
|
|
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
|
Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical |
|
|
Position of Case Affixes
|
Case suffixes |
|
|
Comitatives and Instrumentals
|
Identity |
|
|
Ordinal Numerals
|
First, two-th, three-th |
|
|
Distributive Numerals
|
Marked by preceding word |
|
|
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
|
No possessive affixes |
|
| Nominal Syntax |
|---|
|
Noun Phrase Conjunction
|
'And' different from 'with' |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
|
Grammatical marking |
|
|
The Past Tense
|
Present, no remoteness distinctions |
|
|
The Future Tense
|
No inflectional future |
|
|
The Perfect
|
No perfect |
|
|
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
|
Tense-aspect suffixes |
|
|
The Morphological Imperative
|
Second singular |
|
|
The Prohibitive
|
Special imperative + normal negative |
|
|
Imperative-Hortative Systems
|
Maximal system |
|
|
Situational Possibility
|
Verbal constructions |
|
|
Epistemic Possibility
|
Verbal constructions |
|
|
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
|
Overlap for both possibility and necessity |
|
|
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
|
No grammatical evidentials |
|
|
Coding of Evidentiality
|
No grammatical evidentials |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
SVO |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
SV |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
VO |
|
|
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
Prepositions |
|
|
Order of Genitive and Noun
|
Noun-Genitive |
|
|
Order of Adjective and Noun
|
Noun-Adjective |
|
|
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
|
Mixed |
|
|
Order of Numeral and Noun
|
Numeral-Noun |
|
|
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
Noun-Relative clause |
|
|
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
|
Degree word-Adjective |
|
|
Position of Polar Question Particles
|
No question particle |
|
|
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
|
Initial interrogative phrase |
|
|
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|
Initial subordinator word |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
VO and Prepositions |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
VO and NRel |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
|
VO and NAdj |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Negative Morphemes
|
Negative particle |
|
|
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
|
Predicate negation also present |
|
|
Polar Questions
|
Interrogative intonation only |
|
|
Predicative Possession
|
'Have' |
|
|
Predicative Adjectives
|
Nonverbal encoding |
|
|
Nominal and Locational Predication
|
Identical |
|
|
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
|
Impossible |
|
| Complex Sentences |
|---|
|
'Want' Complement Subjects
|
Subject is expressed overtly |
|
| Lexicon |
|---|
|
Hand and Arm
|
Different |
|
|
Finger and Hand
|
Different |
|
