1. Family: Salishan
  2. Genus: Central Salish

Squamish

WALS coordinates: 49° 40′ N, 123° 10′ W

spoken in Canada

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Squamish
Routledge:
    Other:
    • Squamish (Sqxwu7mish)
    ISO 639-3:

    Features

    Feature Value References
    Phonology
    Consonant Inventories Moderately large
    Vowel Quality Inventories Small (2-4)
    Consonant-Vowel Ratio High
    Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives No voicing constrast
    Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems Other
    Uvular Consonants Uvular stops and continuants
    Glottalized Consonants Ejectives and glottalized resonants
    Lateral Consonants /l/ and lateral obstruent
    The Velar Nasal No velar nasal
    Vowel Nasalization Contrast absent
    Front Rounded Vowels None
    Syllable Structure Complex
    Tone No tones
    Fixed Stress Locations Penultimate
    Weight-Sensitive Stress Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)
    Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems Prominence
    Rhythm Types No rhythmic stress
    Absence of Common Consonants All present
    Presence of Uncommon Consonants Pharyngeals
    Morphology
    Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives Exclusively concatenative
    Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives Monoexponential case
    Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb 8-9 categories per word
    Locus of Marking in the Clause Double marking
    Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases Head marking
    Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology Inconsistent or other
    Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Strongly suffixing
    Reduplication Productive full and partial reduplication
    Case Syncretism No case marking
    Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking Not syncretic
    Nominal Categories
    Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns Person-number stem
    Definite Articles Definite word distinct from demonstrative
    Indefinite Articles Indefinite word distinct from 'one'
    Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns No inclusive/exclusive
    Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection No inclusive/exclusive
    Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns No gender distinctions
    Indefinite Pronouns Interrogative-based
    Person Marking on Adpositions No adpositions
    Number of Cases 2 cases
    Asymmetrical Case-Marking Syncretism in relevant NP-types
    Position of Case Affixes Prepositional clitics
    Ordinal Numerals First, second, three-th
    Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes Prefixes and suffixes
    Nominal Syntax
    Obligatory Possessive Inflection Absent
    Possessive Classification No possessive classification
    Action Nominal Constructions No action nominals
    Noun Phrase Conjunction 'And' different from 'with'
    Nominal and Verbal Conjunction Identity
    Verbal Categories
    The Prohibitive Special imperative + special negative
    Imperative-Hortative Systems Neither type of system
    The Optative Inflectional optative absent
    Situational Possibility Affixes on verbs
    Epistemic Possibility Affixes on verbs
    Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking No overlap
    Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality Direct and indirect
    Coding of Evidentiality Separate particle
    Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect None
    Verbal Number and Suppletion None
    Word Order
    Order of Subject, Object and Verb VSO
    Order of Subject and Verb VS
    Order of Object and Verb VO
    Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Prepositions
    Order of Genitive and Noun Noun-Genitive
    Order of Adjective and Noun Adjective-Noun
    Order of Demonstrative and Noun Demonstrative-Noun
    Order of Numeral and Noun Numeral-Noun
    Order of Relative Clause and Noun Mixed
    Position of Polar Question Particles Second position
    Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Initial subordinator word
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase VO and Prepositions
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun Other
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun VO and AdjN
    Simple Clauses
    Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases Neutral
    Alignment of Verbal Person Marking Accusative
    Expression of Pronominal Subjects Subject affixes on verb
    Verbal Person Marking Both the A and P arguments
    Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking Zero in all 3rd person forms
    Order of Person Markers on the Verb P precedes A
    Passive Constructions Present
    Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions Morphological but no compound
    Negative Morphemes Negative auxiliary verb
    Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Asymmetric
    Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation A/Fin and A/NonReal
    Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation Predicate negation also present
    Polar Questions Question particle
    Predicative Adjectives Verbal encoding
    Nominal and Locational Predication Different
    Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals Impossible
    Complex Sentences
    'Want' Complement Subjects Subject is expressed overtly
    'When' Clauses Deranked
    Utterance Complement Clauses Deranked
    Lexicon
    Hand and Arm Identical
    Finger and Hand Different
    M-T Pronouns No M-T pronouns
    N-M Pronouns No N-M pronouns