1. Family: Trumai
  2. Genus: Trumai

Trumai

WALS coordinates: 11° 55′ S, 53° 35′ W

spoken in Brazil

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Trumai
Routledge:
    Other:
      ISO 639-3:

      Features

      Feature Value References
      Phonology
      Consonant Inventories Average
      Vowel Quality Inventories Average (5-6)
      Consonant-Vowel Ratio Average
      Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In plosives alone
      Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems Other
      Uvular Consonants None
      Glottalized Consonants Ejectives only
      Lateral Consonants /l/ and lateral obstruent
      The Velar Nasal No velar nasal
      Vowel Nasalization Contrast absent
      Front Rounded Vowels None
      Syllable Structure Moderately complex
      Tone No tones
      Fixed Stress Locations Ultimate
      Weight-Sensitive Stress Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)
      Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems No weight
      Absence of Common Consonants All present
      Presence of Uncommon Consonants None
      Morphology
      Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives Isolating/concatenative
      Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives Monoexponential case
      Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb 8-9 categories per word
      Locus of Marking in the Clause Dependent marking
      Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases Dependent marking
      Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology Dependent-marking
      Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Strongly suffixing
      Reduplication Productive full and partial reduplication
      Case Syncretism No syncretism
      Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking No subject person/number marking
      Nominal Categories
      Coding of Nominal Plurality Plural word
      Occurrence of Nominal Plurality Only human nouns, obligatory
      Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns Person stem + nominal plural affix
      Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns 'We' the same as 'I'
      Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection No person marking
      Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives Two-way contrast
      Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives Identical
      Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives Related by gender markers
      Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns 3rd person singular only
      Indefinite Pronouns Generic-noun-based
      Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns Identical
      Person Marking on Adpositions No person marking
      Number of Cases 5 cases
      Asymmetrical Case-Marking Symmetrical
      Position of Case Affixes Case suffixes
      Comitatives and Instrumentals Differentiation
      Ordinal Numerals None
      Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes Prefixes and suffixes
      Nominal Syntax
      Obligatory Possessive Inflection Absent
      Possessive Classification Three to five classes
      Action Nominal Constructions No action nominals
      Nominal and Verbal Conjunction Differentiation
      Verbal Categories
      Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes Tense-aspect suffixes
      The Morphological Imperative No second-person imperatives
      The Prohibitive Special imperative + normal negative
      The Optative Inflectional optative absent
      Situational Possibility Verbal constructions
      Epistemic Possibility Affixes on verbs
      Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking No overlap
      Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality Indirect only
      Coding of Evidentiality Separate particle
      Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect None
      Verbal Number and Suppletion None
      Word Order
      Order of Subject, Object and Verb No dominant order
      Order of Subject and Verb No dominant order
      Order of Object and Verb No dominant order
      Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb No dominant order
      Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Postpositions
      Order of Genitive and Noun Genitive-Noun
      Order of Adjective and Noun No dominant order
      Order of Numeral and Noun Numeral-Noun
      Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Initial interrogative phrase
      Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Subordinating suffix
      Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Other
      Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun Other
      Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun Other
      Simple Clauses
      Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases Ergative - absolutive
      Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns Ergative - absolutive
      Alignment of Verbal Person Marking Ergative
      Expression of Pronominal Subjects Obligatory pronouns in subject position
      Verbal Person Marking Only the P argument
      Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking No zero realization
      Order of Person Markers on the Verb A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
      Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' Indirect-object construction
      Passive Constructions Absent
      Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions Compound but no morphological
      Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Both
      Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation A/Cat
      Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation Predicate negation also present
      Complex Sentences
      'Want' Complement Subjects Subject is left implicit
      Purpose Clauses Balanced/deranked
      'When' Clauses Balanced/deranked
      Reason Clauses Balanced
      Utterance Complement Clauses Deranked
      Lexicon
      M-T Pronouns No M-T pronouns
      N-M Pronouns No N-M pronouns