Wolof
WALS coordinates: 15° 15′ N, 16° W
Find examples here.
Alternative Names
| Ethnologue: | |
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| Ruhlen: |
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| Routledge: |
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| Other: |
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| ISO 639-3: |
Features
| ID | Feature | Value | Area | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1A | Consonant Inventories | Moderately large | Phonology | comment | |
| 2A | Vowel Quality Inventories | Large (7-14) | Phonology | comment | |
| 3A | Consonant-Vowel Ratio | Average | Phonology | comment | |
| 4A | Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives | In plosives alone | Phonology | comment | |
| 5A | Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems | None missing in /p t k b d g/ | Phonology | comment | |
| 6A | Uvular Consonants | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 7A | Glottalized Consonants | No glottalized consonants | Phonology | comment | |
| 8A | Lateral Consonants | /l/, no obstruent laterals | Phonology | comment | |
| 10A | Vowel Nasalization | Contrast absent | Phonology | comment | |
| 11A | Front Rounded Vowels | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 12A | Syllable Structure | Complex | Phonology | comment | |
| 13A | Tone | No tones | Phonology | comment | |
| 18A | Absence of Common Consonants | All present | Phonology | comment | |
| 19A | Presence of Uncommon Consonants | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 26A | Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology | Little affixation | Morphology | comment | |
| 27A | Reduplication | Full reduplication only | Morphology | comment | |
| 33A | Coding of Nominal Plurality | Mixed morphological plural | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 35A | Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns | Person-number stem | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 37A | Definite Articles | Definite word distinct from demonstrative | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 38A | Indefinite Articles | Indefinite word distinct from 'one' | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 47A | Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns | Identical | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 51A | Position of Case Affixes | No case affixes or adpositional clitics | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 53A | Ordinal Numerals | First, two-th, three-th | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 57A | Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes | Possessive suffixes | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 63A | Noun Phrase Conjunction | 'And' identical to 'with' | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 64A | Nominal and Verbal Conjunction | Differentiation | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 65A | Perfective/Imperfective Aspect | No grammatical marking | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 66A | The Past Tense | Present, no remoteness distinctions | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 67A | The Future Tense | No inflectional future | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 68A | The Perfect | Other perfect | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 69A | Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes | No tense-aspect inflection | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 70A | The Morphological Imperative | Second singular and second plural | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 71A | The Prohibitive | Normal imperative + special negative | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 72A | Imperative-Hortative Systems | Maximal system | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 74A | Situational Possibility | Verbal constructions | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 75A | Epistemic Possibility | Verbal constructions | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 76A | Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking | Overlap for either possibility or necessity | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 81A | Order of Subject, Object and Verb | SVO | Word Order | comment | |
| 82A | Order of Subject and Verb | SV | Word Order | comment | |
| 83A | Order of Object and Verb | VO | Word Order | comment | |
| 84A | Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb | VOX | Word Order | comment | |
| 85A | Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | Prepositions | Word Order | comment | |
| 86A | Order of Genitive and Noun | Noun-Genitive | Word Order | comment | |
| 87A | Order of Adjective and Noun | Noun-Adjective | Word Order | comment | |
| 88A | Order of Demonstrative and Noun | Noun-Demonstrative | Word Order | comment | |
| 89A | Order of Numeral and Noun | Numeral-Noun | Word Order | comment | |
| 90A | Order of Relative Clause and Noun | Noun-Relative clause | Word Order | comment | |
| 90C | Postnominal relative clauses | Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant | Word Order | comment | |
| 91A | Order of Degree Word and Adjective | Adjective-Degree word | Word Order | comment | |
| 92A | Position of Polar Question Particles | Initial | Word Order | comment | |
| 93A | Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions | Initial interrogative phrase | Word Order | comment | |
| 94A | Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause | Initial subordinator word | Word Order | comment | |
| 95A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | VO and Prepositions | Word Order | comment | |
| 96A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun | VO and NRel | Word Order | comment | |
| 97A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun | VO and NAdj | Word Order | comment | |
| 101A | Expression of Pronominal Subjects | Subject pronouns in different position | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 105A | Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' | Double-object construction | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 109A | Applicative Constructions | Benefactive and other; both bases | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 109B | Other Roles of Applied Objects | Instrument and locative | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 112A | Negative Morphemes | Negative word, unclear if verb or particle | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 115A | Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation | Predicate negation also present | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 116A | Polar Questions | Question particle | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 118A | Predicative Adjectives | Verbal encoding | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 119A | Nominal and Locational Predication | Different | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 120A | Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals | Impossible | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 121A | Comparative Constructions | Exceed | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 124A | 'Want' Complement Subjects | Subject is left implicit | Complex Sentences | comment | |
| 138A | Tea | Others | Lexicon |
comment
examples |
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| 143A | Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb | Type 1 / Type 4 | Word Order | comment | |
| 143E | Preverbal Negative Morphemes | NegV | Word Order | comment | |
| 143F | Postverbal Negative Morphemes | [V-Neg] | Word Order | comment | |
| 143G | Minor morphological means of signaling negation | None | Word Order | comment | |
| 144A | Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb | More than one position | Word Order | comment | |
| 144B | Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb | Immed preverbal | Word Order | comment | |
| 144D | The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages | More than one construction | Word Order | comment | |
| 144E | Multiple Negative Constructions in SVO Languages | SNegVO/S[V-Neg]O | Word Order | comment | |
| 144H | NegSVO Order | No NegSVO | Word Order | comment | |
| 144I | SNegVO Order | Word&NoDoubleNeg | Word Order | comment | |
| 144J | SVNegO Order | Suffix&NoDoubleNeg | Word Order | comment | |
| 144K | SVONeg Order | No SVONeg | Word Order | comment |
