Family: Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Genus: Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan

Chukchi

WALS coordinates: 67° N, 173° W

spoken in Russia

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:	Chukchi
Ruhlen:	Chukchi
Routledge:	Chukchee
Other:	Chukchee
ISO 639-3:	ckt (article in Wikipedia)

Features

ID	Feature	Value	Area
1A	Consonant Inventories	Moderately small	Phonology	comment
2A	Vowel Quality Inventories	Average (5-6)	Phonology	comment
3A	Consonant-Vowel Ratio	Moderately low	Phonology	comment
4A	Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives	No voicing constrast	Phonology	comment
5A	Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems	Other	Phonology	comment
6A	Uvular Consonants	Uvular stops only	Phonology	comment
7A	Glottalized Consonants	No glottalized consonants	Phonology	comment
8A	Lateral Consonants	No /l/, but lateral obstruents	Phonology	comment
9A	The Velar Nasal	Initial velar nasal	Phonology	comment examples
10A	Vowel Nasalization	Contrast absent	Phonology	comment
11A	Front Rounded Vowels	None	Phonology	comment
12A	Syllable Structure	Complex	Phonology	comment
13A	Tone	No tones	Phonology	comment
14A	Fixed Stress Locations	Initial	Phonology	comment
15A	Weight-Sensitive Stress	Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)	Phonology	comment
16A	Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems	No weight	Phonology	comment
18A	Absence of Common Consonants	All present	Phonology	comment
19A	Presence of Uncommon Consonants	None	Phonology	comment
20A	Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives	Exclusively concatenative	Morphology	comment
21A	Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives	Case + number	Morphology	comment
21B	Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection	monoexponential TAM	Morphology	comment
22A	Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb	4-5 categories per word	Morphology	comment
23A	Locus of Marking in the Clause	Double marking	Morphology	comment
24A	Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases	No marking	Morphology	comment
25A	Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology	Inconsistent or other	Morphology	comment
25B	Zero Marking of A and P Arguments	Non-zero marking	Morphology	comment
26A	Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology	Weakly suffixing	Morphology	comment
27A	Reduplication	Productive full and partial reduplication	Morphology	comment
28A	Case Syncretism	Core and non-core	Morphology	comment
29A	Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking	Syncretic	Morphology	comment
30A	Number of Genders	None	Nominal Categories	comment
31A	Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems	No gender	Nominal Categories	comment
32A	Systems of Gender Assignment	No gender	Nominal Categories	comment
33A	Coding of Nominal Plurality	Plural suffix	Nominal Categories	comment
34A	Occurrence of Nominal Plurality	All nouns, always obligatory	Nominal Categories	comment
35A	Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns	Person stem + pronominal plural affix	Nominal Categories	comment
36A	The Associative Plural	Associative same as additive plural	Nominal Categories	comment examples
37A	Definite Articles	No definite or indefinite article	Nominal Categories	comment
38A	Indefinite Articles	No definite or indefinite article	Nominal Categories	comment
39A	Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns	No inclusive/exclusive	Nominal Categories	comment
40A	Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection	No inclusive/exclusive	Nominal Categories	comment
41A	Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives	Three-way contrast	Nominal Categories	comment examples
42A	Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives	Identical	Nominal Categories	comment examples
43A	Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives	Unrelated	Nominal Categories	comment examples
44A	Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns	No gender distinctions	Nominal Categories	comment
45A	Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns	No politeness distinction	Nominal Categories	comment
46A	Indefinite Pronouns	Interrogative-based	Nominal Categories	comment
48A	Person Marking on Adpositions	No person marking	Nominal Categories	comment
49A	Number of Cases	10 or more cases	Nominal Categories	comment
50A	Asymmetrical Case-Marking	Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical	Nominal Categories	comment
51A	Position of Case Affixes	Case suffixes	Nominal Categories	comment
52A	Comitatives and Instrumentals	Differentiation	Nominal Categories	comment examples
53A	Ordinal Numerals	First/one-th, two-th, three-th	Nominal Categories	comment
54A	Distributive Numerals	Marked by mixed or other strategies	Nominal Categories	comment
55A	Numeral Classifiers	Absent	Nominal Categories	comment
56A	Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers	Formally similar, without interrogative	Nominal Categories	comment
57A	Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes	No possessive affixes	Nominal Categories	comment
58A	Obligatory Possessive Inflection	Absent	Nominal Syntax	comment
58B	Number of Possessive Nouns	None reported	Nominal Syntax	comment
59A	Possessive Classification	No possessive classification	Nominal Syntax	comment
60A	Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses	Highly differentiated	Nominal Syntax	comment
61A	Adjectives without Nouns	Marked by mixed or other strategies	Nominal Syntax	comment
62A	Action Nominal Constructions	Restricted	Nominal Syntax	comment examples
63A	Noun Phrase Conjunction	'And' different from 'with'	Nominal Syntax	comment
64A	Nominal and Verbal Conjunction	Identity	Nominal Syntax	comment
65A	Perfective/Imperfective Aspect	Grammatical marking	Verbal Categories	comment
66A	The Past Tense	No past tense	Verbal Categories	comment
67A	The Future Tense	Inflectional future exists	Verbal Categories	comment
68A	The Perfect	No perfect	Verbal Categories	comment
69A	Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes	Mixed type	Verbal Categories	comment
70A	The Morphological Imperative	No second-person imperatives	Verbal Categories	comment
71A	The Prohibitive	Special imperative + special negative	Verbal Categories	comment
72A	Imperative-Hortative Systems	Maximal system	Verbal Categories	comment
73A	The Optative	Inflectional optative absent	Verbal Categories	comment
74A	Situational Possibility	Other kinds of markers	Verbal Categories	comment examples
75A	Epistemic Possibility	Other	Verbal Categories	comment
76A	Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking	No overlap	Verbal Categories	comment
77A	Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality	No grammatical evidentials	Verbal Categories	comment
78A	Coding of Evidentiality	No grammatical evidentials	Verbal Categories	comment
79A	Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect	None	Verbal Categories	comment
79B	Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives	None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)	Verbal Categories	comment
80A	Verbal Number and Suppletion	None	Verbal Categories	comment
81A	Order of Subject, Object and Verb	No dominant order	Word Order	comment
82A	Order of Subject and Verb	SV	Word Order	comment
83A	Order of Object and Verb	OV	Word Order	comment
85A	Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	Postpositions	Word Order	comment
86A	Order of Genitive and Noun	Genitive-Noun	Word Order	comment examples
87A	Order of Adjective and Noun	Adjective-Noun	Word Order	comment
88A	Order of Demonstrative and Noun	Demonstrative-Noun	Word Order	comment
89A	Order of Numeral and Noun	Numeral-Noun	Word Order	comment
90A	Order of Relative Clause and Noun	Mixed	Word Order	comment
90B	Prenominal relative clauses	RelN or NRel	Word Order	comment
90C	Postnominal relative clauses	NRel or RelN	Word Order	comment
92A	Position of Polar Question Particles	No question particle	Word Order	comment
93A	Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions	Not initial interrogative phrase	Word Order	comment
94A	Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause	Initial subordinator word	Word Order	comment
95A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	OV and Postpositions	Word Order	comment
96A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun	Other	Word Order	comment
97A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun	OV and AdjN	Word Order	comment
98A	Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases	Ergative - absolutive	Simple Clauses	comment examples
99A	Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns	Ergative - absolutive	Simple Clauses	comment examples
100A	Alignment of Verbal Person Marking	Split	Simple Clauses	comment
101A	Expression of Pronominal Subjects	Subject affixes on verb	Simple Clauses	comment
102A	Verbal Person Marking	Both the A and P arguments	Simple Clauses	comment
103A	Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking	No zero realization	Simple Clauses	comment
104A	Order of Person Markers on the Verb	A precedes P	Simple Clauses	comment
105A	Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'	Indirect-object construction	Simple Clauses	comment
106A	Reciprocal Constructions	Distinct from reflexive	Simple Clauses	comment
107A	Passive Constructions	Absent	Simple Clauses	comment
108A	Antipassive Constructions	Oblique patient	Simple Clauses	comment examples
108B	Productivity of the Antipassive Construction	productive	Simple Clauses	comment
109A	Applicative Constructions	No applicative construction	Simple Clauses	comment
109B	Other Roles of Applied Objects	No applicative construction	Simple Clauses	comment
111A	Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions	Morphological but no compound	Simple Clauses	comment
112A	Negative Morphemes	Negative particle	Simple Clauses	comment
113A	Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation	Both	Simple Clauses	comment
114A	Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation	A/Fin and A/NonReal	Simple Clauses	comment
115A	Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation	Predicate negation also present	Simple Clauses	comment
116A	Polar Questions	Interrogative intonation only	Simple Clauses	comment
117A	Predicative Possession	Conjunctional	Simple Clauses	comment
118A	Predicative Adjectives	Nonverbal encoding	Simple Clauses	comment
119A	Nominal and Locational Predication	Different	Simple Clauses	comment
120A	Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals	Impossible	Simple Clauses	comment
121A	Comparative Constructions	Locational	Simple Clauses	comment
122A	Relativization on Subjects	Gap	Complex Sentences	comment
124A	'Want' Complement Subjects	Desiderative verbal affix	Complex Sentences	comment
131A	Numeral Bases	Pure vigesimal	Lexicon	comment examples
136A	M-T Pronouns	M-T pronouns, paradigmatic	Lexicon	comment
136B	M in First Person Singular	m in first person singular	Lexicon	comment
137A	N-M Pronouns	No N-M pronouns	Lexicon	comment
137B	M in Second Person Singular	No m in second person singular	Lexicon	comment
143A	Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb	NegV	Word Order	comment
143E	Preverbal Negative Morphemes	NegV	Word Order	comment
143F	Postverbal Negative Morphemes	None	Word Order	comment
143G	Minor morphological means of signaling negation	None	Word Order	comment
144A	Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb	Other	Word Order	comment
144L	The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages	SV&OV&NegV	Word Order	comment