Family: Nilo-Saharan
Genus: Fur

Fur

WALS coordinates: 13° 30′ N, 25° E

spoken in Sudan

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:	Fur
Ruhlen:	Fur
Routledge:
Other:
ISO 639-3:	fvr (article in Wikipedia)

Features

ID	Feature	Value	Area
1A	Consonant Inventories	Moderately small	Phonology	comment
2A	Vowel Quality Inventories	Average (5-6)	Phonology	comment
3A	Consonant-Vowel Ratio	Average	Phonology	comment
4A	Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives	In plosives alone	Phonology	comment
5A	Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems	Missing /p/	Phonology	comment
6A	Uvular Consonants	None	Phonology	comment
7A	Glottalized Consonants	No glottalized consonants	Phonology	comment
8A	Lateral Consonants	/l/, no obstruent laterals	Phonology	comment
9A	The Velar Nasal	Initial velar nasal	Phonology	comment
10A	Vowel Nasalization	Contrast absent	Phonology	comment
11A	Front Rounded Vowels	None	Phonology	comment
12A	Syllable Structure	Moderately complex	Phonology	comment
13A	Tone	Simple tone system	Phonology	comment
18A	Absence of Common Consonants	All present	Phonology	comment
19A	Presence of Uncommon Consonants	None	Phonology	comment
23A	Locus of Marking in the Clause	Dependent marking	Morphology	comment
24A	Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases	Dependent marking	Morphology	comment
25A	Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology	Dependent-marking	Morphology	comment
25B	Zero Marking of A and P Arguments	Non-zero marking	Morphology	comment
26A	Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology	Weakly suffixing	Morphology	comment
28A	Case Syncretism	No case marking	Morphology	comment
29A	Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking	Not syncretic	Morphology	comment
33A	Coding of Nominal Plurality	Mixed morphological plural	Nominal Categories	comment
35A	Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns	Person-number stem	Nominal Categories	comment
39A	Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns	No inclusive/exclusive	Nominal Categories	comment examples
40A	Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection	No inclusive/exclusive	Nominal Categories	comment examples
44A	Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns	No gender distinctions	Nominal Categories	comment
45A	Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns	No politeness distinction	Nominal Categories	comment
47A	Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns	Identical	Nominal Categories	comment
48A	Person Marking on Adpositions	Pronouns only	Nominal Categories	comment
49A	Number of Cases	4 cases	Nominal Categories	comment
50A	Asymmetrical Case-Marking	Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical	Nominal Categories	comment
51A	Position of Case Affixes	Case suffixes	Nominal Categories	comment
52A	Comitatives and Instrumentals	Identity	Nominal Categories	comment examples
55A	Numeral Classifiers	Absent	Nominal Categories	comment
57A	Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes	No possessive affixes	Nominal Categories	comment
58A	Obligatory Possessive Inflection	Absent	Nominal Syntax	comment
58B	Number of Possessive Nouns	None reported	Nominal Syntax	comment
59A	Possessive Classification	No possessive classification	Nominal Syntax	comment
69A	Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes	Tense-aspect suffixes	Verbal Categories	comment
70A	The Morphological Imperative	No second-person imperatives	Verbal Categories	comment
71A	The Prohibitive	Normal imperative + special negative	Verbal Categories	comment
72A	Imperative-Hortative Systems	Neither type of system	Verbal Categories	comment
73A	The Optative	Inflectional optative absent	Verbal Categories	comment
75A	Epistemic Possibility	Affixes on verbs	Verbal Categories	comment
77A	Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality	No grammatical evidentials	Verbal Categories	comment
78A	Coding of Evidentiality	No grammatical evidentials	Verbal Categories	comment
79A	Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect	Tense	Verbal Categories	comment examples
79B	Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives	None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)	Verbal Categories	comment
80A	Verbal Number and Suppletion	None	Verbal Categories	comment
81A	Order of Subject, Object and Verb	SOV	Word Order	comment
82A	Order of Subject and Verb	SV	Word Order	comment
83A	Order of Object and Verb	OV	Word Order	comment
85A	Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	Postpositions	Word Order	comment
86A	Order of Genitive and Noun	Genitive-Noun	Word Order	comment
87A	Order of Adjective and Noun	Noun-Adjective	Word Order	comment
88A	Order of Demonstrative and Noun	Demonstrative-Noun	Word Order	comment
89A	Order of Numeral and Noun	Noun-Numeral	Word Order	comment
90A	Order of Relative Clause and Noun	Noun-Relative clause	Word Order	comment
90C	Postnominal relative clauses	Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant	Word Order	comment
93A	Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions	Not initial interrogative phrase	Word Order	comment
95A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	OV and Postpositions	Word Order	comment
96A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun	OV and NRel	Word Order	comment
97A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun	OV and NAdj	Word Order	comment
98A	Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases	Nominative - accusative (standard)	Simple Clauses	comment examples
99A	Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns	Nominative - accusative (standard)	Simple Clauses	comment examples
100A	Alignment of Verbal Person Marking	Accusative	Simple Clauses	comment
101A	Expression of Pronominal Subjects	Subject affixes on verb	Simple Clauses	comment
102A	Verbal Person Marking	Only the A argument	Simple Clauses	comment
103A	Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking	No zero realization	Simple Clauses	comment
104A	Order of Person Markers on the Verb	A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb	Simple Clauses	comment
107A	Passive Constructions	Present	Simple Clauses	comment
112A	Negative Morphemes	Double negation	Simple Clauses	comment
113A	Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation	Symmetric	Simple Clauses	comment
114A	Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation	Non-assignable	Simple Clauses	comment
122A	Relativization on Subjects	Gap	Complex Sentences	comment
123A	Relativization on Obliques	Gap	Complex Sentences	comment
131A	Numeral Bases	Decimal	Lexicon	comment
136A	M-T Pronouns	No M-T pronouns	Lexicon	comment
136B	M in First Person Singular	No m in first person singular	Lexicon	comment
137A	N-M Pronouns	No N-M pronouns	Lexicon	comment
137B	M in Second Person Singular	No m in second person singular	Lexicon	comment
143A	Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb	ObligDoubleNeg	Word Order	comment
143B	Obligatory Double Negation	[Neg-V-Neg]	Word Order	comment
143E	Preverbal Negative Morphemes	[Neg-V]	Word Order	comment
143F	Postverbal Negative Morphemes	[V-Neg]	Word Order	comment
143G	Minor morphological means of signaling negation	None	Word Order	comment
144A	Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb	ObligDoubleNeg	Word Order	comment
144L	The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages	ObligDoubleNeg	Word Order	comment
144N	Obligatory Double Negation in SOV languages	SO[Neg-V-Neg]	Word Order	comment
144P	NegSOV Order	No NegSOV	Word Order	comment
144Q	SNegOV Order	No SNegOV	Word Order	comment
144R	SONegV Order	Prefix&OnlyWithAnotherNeg	Word Order	comment
144S	SOVNeg Order	Suffix&OnlyWithAnotherNeg	Word Order	comment